According to Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant DESIGN of buildings standard No. 2800, Yazd is located in the place with the medium earthquake hazard [1]. Due to the position of Yazd with many historical and important buildings, maintaining these traditional heritages is an important task in civil engineering field. On account of these mentioned valuable buildings and region potential in constructing the new vital structures such as Yazd University, exact regional seismicity surveying and seismic hazard assessment would need to be scrutinized. For this purpose a collected catalogue, containing both historical and instrumental events is used covering the period from the 4th century BC to 2009. Seismic sources are modeled and recurrence relationship is obtained. The method proposed by Kijko [2] and Tavakoli [3] were employed for determination of seismicity parameters. Then logic tree method and weighted attenuation relationships were applied. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is carried out using SEISRISK III for Yazd University site. At the end, Peak Ground ACCELERATIONs (PGA) of the studied area for a return period of 475 and 2475 years for 10% and 2% probability of exceedance in life cycle of 50 years are evaluated equal to 0.25g and 0.35g.

Due to their high efficiency and low ‎cost, electrostatic electron accelerators with a moderate energy, are used in the industry. In an electrostatic accelerator, the ACCELERATION tube plays the role of dividing ‎the potential of the high-voltage terminal so that it accelerates the beam incrementally in a straight line. In this ‎paper, an ACCELERATION tube for a Dynamitron accelerator with a voltage of 500 kV is DESIGNed by CST Studio ‎Suite software. In this DESIGN, an electron gun with flat cathode, and a current of 50 mA was used. In order to ‎extract the beam from the electron gun, two filters are used: electrodes and the lens electrode, with voltages of 495 and ‎‎481 kV, respectively; besides for electron ACCELERATION, 13 electrodes with a potential step of 37 kV have been ‎DESIGNed. To hold the electrodes and prevent electrical discharges between the electrodes, insulating ‎sheets made of Pyrex are used. At the end of the ACCELERATION tube, a 50mA beam current, a waist radius of less than 0.5 ‎mm, a 73nm radian emittance, and a 0.15μperv beam were obtained. The dimensions of the ACCELERATION tube ‎and the results of investigating the change in the radius of the electrodes, the displacement and deviation of ‎the angles of the first electrode relative to the axis of the ACCELERATION tube are presented in this paper‎.‎

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the BASIC dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The DESIGN of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the DESIGN of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the DESIGN of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

A Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB) offers a promising platform for medical diagnostics, DNA sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and drug discovery and development. Conventional Drug discovery procedures require timely and costly manned experiments with a high degree of human errors with no guarantee of success. On the other hand, DMFB can be a great solution for miniaturization, integration, automation, and cost reduction of drug discovery. DMFB can improve the parallelism of drug discovery procedures; since most procedures in drug discovery are concurrent and parallel, DMB can reduce the execution time of these bioassays. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop DMFBs to speed up the drug discovery applications and improve cost and error of these reactions. In this paper, a new architecture is used for drug discovery applications. The architecture is evaluated and compared with FPPC architecture. The experimental results prove that the new architecture is faster and cheaper than FPPC; it reduces all the important parameters such as total execution time, number of controlling pins, CAD algorithm execution time, and the area usage and its costs. There is an urgent need for collaboration between experts of drug discovery, microfluidic platform architecture and also machine learning to DESIGN a data-driven microfluidic architecture which improves the CAD algorithms by learning from prior knowledge.

This article intends to investigate the effects of site-to-fault distance on the earthquake intensity measure (BASIC DESIGN ACCELERATION, A, and response spectra, Sa) where is not taken into account in Iran standard No. 2800. Regarding that the relation between site-to-fault distance and the DESIGN-base ACCELERATION (A) parameter (or Sa) in currently used attenuation relations is highly non-linear, thus assigning the same value of such parameters to different site-distances in big cities, particularly at near fault sites, seems to be quite challengeable. In order to make this problem clear, forty series of site specific seismic hazard analysis in the two cities, Ahwaz and Kerman, are performed over ten sites having four different site-soil conditions and the “A” parameters are calculated and discussed. The results of this study showed that the site-to-fault distance can significantly influence upon the site’s intensity measure (A) parameter (about several times as distance become smaller) and have significant differences with those of the Standard No. 2800. This problem also highly affects the effectiveness of “N” parameter presented in thee 2800 standard as the representative of near fault directivity parameter.

Wing section optimization is accomplished using a combined strategy consisting of a genetic algorithm (GA) and an artificial neural network (ANN). A real coded genetic algorithm is utilized for an optimum search in DESIGN space. The numerical solution of in viscid flow governing equations is used for evaluation of the DESIGN candidates. In order to reduce the number of these time consuming evaluations required by GA, every M generation, all chromosomes fitness are trained to a neural network. Then, a control based genetic local search is handled by ANN as a fitness estimator to find new promising regions in DESIGN space. It is demonstrated that this approach could save considerable computational time in application fields, such as aerodynamic DESIGN. Results are presented for a constrained optimization of an airfoil at transonic flow conditions. The PARSEC method of airfoil generator and unstructured grid movement technique are used in this work. Eventually, optimum airfoil geometry is achieved by about 50% less computational effort compared with the conventional GA method.

Iran is located in a high-risk seismic region. The severe damage caused by recent major earthquakes has increased the importance of seismic evaluation methods and DESIGN procedures. To enhance seismic evaluation methods, it is necessary to provide ACCELERATION records which are compatible with a DESIGN spectrum. In this paper, a new method is proposed to generate compatible records with a DESIGN spectrum. The method is based on dividing the response spectrum of a record into several period ranges and finding the scale factor for each range. The proposed method is used for seven real ACCELERATION records to generate seven synthesized ACCELERATION records, with a response spectrum compatible with the DESIGN spectrum of Standard 2800 (3rd edition) for soil type 3. Besides, seven artificial ACCELERATION records are generated using SIMQKE I. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of two 12-story RC buildings, which were DESIGNed by a direct displacement based (DDB) method and standard-2800, are used for comparison between the two groups of records. Results state that the proposed method is suitable for analyzing and DESIGNing structures without a noticeable increase in the values of the input energy of the real records.